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U-PEN Mamba: Progressive Expansion with Selective State-Space Modeling for Efficient Retinal Vessel Segmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 21, 2026 · UTC

Accurate retinal vessel segmentation is important for computer-aided ophthalmic analysis, yet thin vessels, low contrast, and severe foreground-background imbalance remain challenging for encoder-decoder networks. This paper presents U-PEN Mamba, a U-shaped retinal vessel segmentation architecture that couples progressive nonlinear feature expansion with selective state-space modeling. The proposed network enriches local vessel responses with progressive expansion, models long-range spatial dependencies through a Mamba Global Context (MGC) block with linear sequence complexity, and uses attent

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