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Direct Message Approximation (DMA): A Consistency-Based Framework for Tractable Approximate Inference on Factor Graphs

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 24, 2026 · UTC

Approximate message passing on factor graphs underlies two dominant families of probabilistic inference algorithms: expectation propagation (EP) and variational message passing (VMP). Both methods approximate the marginal at each factor edge, forcing an iterative round-robin schedule, risking negative-precision messages, and, for VMP, collapsing to point estimates at Dirac-delta factors. We introduce Direct Message Approximation (DMA), which approximates factor-to-variable messages directly rather than the marginal. For normalisable factors, we define a consistency condition (requiring exactne

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First collected: 2026-09-25T06:12:46.948Z. This is not the publication date.