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VATO: A Vortex-Force-Aware Transformer Operator for Unsteady Separated Aerofoil Flows

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

Accurate prediction of unsteady separated flows is challenging because the aerodynamic loads depend on nonlinear separation and vortex-shedding dynamics. Although high-fidelity CFD resolves these mechanisms, its cost limits repeated use in design and control. Standard field-level surrogate training, however, does not distinguish the flow regions that contribute most strongly to the aerodynamic loads. We introduce VATO (Vortex-Force-Aware Transformer Operator), which couples the Vortex Force Map (VFM) method to a geometry-aware neural operator through two complementary mechanisms. VATO-S adds t

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