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NEO-BENCH: A New Multi-Source Benchmark for Generalizable Astronomical Streak Detection

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 6, 2026 · UTC

Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) can appear as faint streaks in long-exposure astronomical images. Detecting these streaks across diverse observatories requires methods that remain reliable despite differences in image quality, orientation, sky background, and noise. However, existing detectors are commonly evaluated using data from only one source, providing limited evidence of cross-source generalization. We introduce NEO-Bench, a multi-source benchmark containing 8,376 images from five astronomical-image datasets. The sources include the Hubble Space Telescope, a Stellina smart telescope, the Unit

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