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Evaluating Feedback Focus and Pedagogical Adaptivity in LLM-Generated Feedback on Student Writing

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 23, 2026 · UTC

We investigate whether state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) generate feedback that reflects the pedagogical practices of expert teachers in terms of feedback focus and adaptivity. Previous evaluation efforts have examined feedback characteristics, its impact on learning, and its target, yet the focus of feedback and its adaptivity remains largely overlooked. To bridge this gap, we adopt and refine Narciss's taxonomy into seven feedback focus types to annotate teacher and LLM-generated feedback across three university writing courses. We release FeedType, a benchmark containing annotat

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