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Beyond Local Surprise: Grounded Dialogue as Selective Belief Revision under Referential Uncertainty

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 26, 2026 · UTC

When a speaker refers to a scene that the listener cannot directly see, the listener must decide whether to preserve its current understanding or revise it as new utterances arrive. Many language systems treat local mismatch as a cue for updating: divergence from the current understanding encourages adjustment. Yet conversational understanding may be more conservative, interpreting mismatching evidence relative to prior understanding rather than immediately revising it. We introduce a controlled, data-driven framework for turn-by-turn preserve/revise decisions in dialogue, where competing revi

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