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Applications of Neural Cellular Automata: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 21, 2026 · UTC

Neural Cellular Automata (NCAs) are a new type of neural network architecture which enable accurate and robust inference at extremely small model sizes. Recently, NCAs have advanced to become interesting low-resource alternatives to convolution- and attention-based architectures for various tasks such as image analysis, synthetic image generation, and simulation. The rapid development and increased research interest necessitate a comprehensive review of the emerging technology. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals of NCAs, applications to medical imaging, as well as insights in

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