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EviDx: Evidence-Aware Active Diagnosis with Scaffolded LLM Agents

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 25, 2026 · UTC

Clinical diagnosis is an active evidence-seeking process in which clinicians acquire evidence, update competing hypotheses, and decide when the available evidence is sufficient for diagnosis. Yet many medical diagnosis systems built around large language models (LLMs) still formulate diagnosis as static case-to-answer prediction, with limited support for evidence acquisition. Agentic LLMs offer a dynamic alternative through tool use and intermediate diagnostic trajectories, but existing systems often under-specify how patient evidence should be exposed, scaffolded, and controlled at runtime. W

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