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Measuring Language Transfer in Robot Policies: Adding Greek to a Cosmos3 Vision-Language-Action Policy

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 7, 2026 · UTC

Robot foundation models are trained and evaluated predominantly in English, and robot demonstration corpora do not exist for most languages. We study the addition of Greek to an open vision-language-action stack using only machine-rephrased instructions and no architecture changes. The main challenge is measurement rather than translation. Several plausible instruments produce false conclusions: a color-histogram metric rewards noise, a single-goal benchmark scores 84.6% under correct Greek and 82.6% under deliberately wrong instructions, training loss fails to predict Greek success, and singl

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-20T20:32:20.942Z. This is not the publication date.