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Topology-Aware Training and Spatial Diagnostics for Fiber Bundle Segmentation in Tracer Histology

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 3, 2026 · UTC

Anatomic tracer studies reveal how axon bundles project from an injection site, branch into smaller groups of axons, and course through the brain to reach their destinations. Histological data from such studies provide anatomical reference information for validating diffusion MRI tractography. However, manual annotation of the histological data is very labor-intensive, and although automated segmentation methods have been proposed, they rely mainly on pixel-overlap losses such as BCE and Dice; topology-aware loss functions have not been studied for this task. We compare BCE-Dice, clDice, Betti

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