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Learning to Grade Efficiently: A Bandit-Driven Prompt-Selection Framework for Low-Cost LLM Essay Scoring

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 24, 2026 · UTC

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in automated essay scoring (AES), but contemporary approaches typically employ fixed prompt selection, failing to address operational cost concerns and evolving optimal configurations. We propose a novel cost-aware approach that treats each prompt type as an arm in a multi-armed bandit (MAB) controller, enabling adaptive selection of optimal prompting strategies during inference. Our experiments on IELTS Writing Task 2 essays show that the MAB framework achieves comparable scoring accuracy to exhaustive grid search while reducing LLM

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