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Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theory

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 3, 2026 · UTC

Emotion recognition benchmarks often predict one emotion per text, missing many real-world scenarios where two people arrive at opposing emotions from a single shared event. For example, a child kicks the seat in front of her in excitement while the passenger ahead grows angry. We introduce CHIARO, a 1,000 human-annotated sentence benchmark for contrastive emotion inference grounded in appraisal theory. Each scene describes one causal trigger eliciting a positive emotion in one person and a negative emotion in the other, drawn from a ten-class taxonomy. We benchmark seven frontier LLMs and fou

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