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Weakly supervised neural network: segmentation of complex structures in X-ray microCT

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 7, 2026 · UTC

Segmentation of complex structures in X-ray tomographic data is a fundamental task in biomedical research, but it often requires large amounts of precisely annotated data, making fully supervised approaches costly and difficult to scale. In this study, weakly supervised deep learning is investigated as a strategy to reduce annotation effort while maintaining accurate segmentation. A two-dimensional convolutional neural network based on the nnU-Net framework was adapted to a weak supervision setting using sparse dot-based annotations, complemented by a limited number of fully segmented images.

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