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ViT3Flow: A Test-Time Training Transformer MeanFlow for Postoperative Radiograph Synthesis in Scoliosis

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 4, 2026 · UTC

Predicting postoperative spinal morphology from preoperative radiographs could provide valuable support for scoliosis surgical planning, but remains challenging because surgical correction induces large spatial changes while anatomical structures must be faithfully retained. We formulate this problem as postoperative scoliosis radiograph synthesis and construct ScoliSurg, the first paired dataset for this task, comprising 632 preoperative--postoperative whole-spine radiograph pairs with structured morphology information. We further propose ViT$^{3}$Flow, a single-NFE conditional MeanFlow frame

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