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Beyond Accuracy: A Dual-Judge Evaluation Protocol for Vision-Language Models in Legally Grounded Tasks

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 25, 2026 · UTC

AI systems are increasingly evaluated for legally accountable settings, where correct outputs must also be justifiable against an applicable legal standard. Existing legal-AI benchmarks and LLM-as-judge protocols provide important infrastructure for measuring task performance and open-ended response quality. We contribute one additional evaluation signal: a dual-judge protocol that pairs a standard 0-10 quality judge with a strict binary semantic-equivalence judge against a human-curated reference. We study a controlled, visually grounded regulatory task - UK traffic-sign interpretation, whose

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