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SAGE: Variate-Wise Semantic Augmentation for Vision-Language Time Series Forecasting

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 27, 2026 · UTC

Time series forecasting models operate on raw numerical sequences, lacking the semantic knowledge that domain experts implicitly leverage, such as the physical meaning of each variable, its statistical behavior, and its temporal dynamics. Recent efforts to bridge this gap fall into two camps. Some rely on large language models at inference time, which is computationally expensive. Others apply uniform textual prompts at the dataset level, ignoring the heterogeneous semantics across individual variates. We propose SAGE (Seeing and Augmenting with Grounded Encoding), an end-to-end CLIP-based fra

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