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Grounded and Faithful P&ID Reasoning: Constraining Vision-Language Models with Recovered Evidence Graphs

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 5, 2026 · UTC

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) are the authoritative maps of process plants: isolation, maintenance, and HAZOP decisions depend on what connects to what. Vision-language models describe these sheets fluently, yet they often invent or miss process connections---and an invented or missed link can reverse an isolation or reachability call, so a plant decision cannot trust a fluent answer that was never checked against the linework. We instead recover an explicit graph of the drawing---its symbols, the process connections between them, and the tags that name them---and then require th

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