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Perspectives on Cross-Lingual Consistency in LLMs for Medical Questions

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 7, 2026 · UTC

Should multilingual LLMs answer medical questions consistently across input languages, or adapt responses to cultural cues? Existing multilingual medical benchmarks usually assume that medically correct answers should remain consistent across languages and treat cross-lingual variation as model error. In contrast, cultural adaptation research argues that appropriate medical answers may legitimately differ across contexts. We review the multilingual medical NLP literature through these two perspectives, we identify three gaps: limited stakeholder perspectives (e.g., of medical professionals), a

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