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Spawn Freely, Act Sparingly: Progressive Risk Vesting for Recursive LLM-Agent Trees

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

Recursive LLM agents can broaden their search by spawning specialists. Some branches later request tools that send data or deploy code. When should a branch receive authority to act? We distinguish sandbox spawning, in which external controls prevent the specified harm, from capability activation, in which a selected branch crosses an irreversible-action boundary. Progressive Risk Vesting (PRV) holds a trajectory-level risk budget in escrow and debits it as branches are activated. We prove an anytime harm bound for adaptively generated trees. Branch outcomes may be dependent, but each local ce

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