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Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Aggregation in Semi-Supervised Federated Learning with non-IID Data

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 26, 2026 · UTC

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed training of machine learning models while preserving data privacy. However, FL struggles with heterogeneous, non-IID client data distributions, resulting in sub-optimal and biased global models. In this paper, we propose pFedMARL, a novel approach leveraging Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) with Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) to dynamically adapt aggregation strategies in FL settings. Our method employs a server-side agent adjusting client contributions to optimize global model robustness and client-side agents balanci

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