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The Stochastic Shift: A New Evaluation Paradigm for Text-to-SQL with AI Operators

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 17, 2026 · UTC

SQL has been augmented with AI operators, enabling modern data analytics platforms to derive insights from both structured and unstructured data. We observe that while current Text-to-SQL systems can successfully generate these AI-augmented queries, reliably evaluating their correctness remains a critical open challenge. Current metrics, which rely on exact query results and deterministic execution, systematically fail against the flexible, non-deterministic outputs of AI operators. In this paper, we formalize these unique evaluation failure modes and introduce a Multilayered Evaluation Framew

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