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Matched-Input Estimates Differ in Sign Across Architectures: Auditing EEG Foundation Models on Motor Imagery

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 20, 2026 · UTC

Pretrained EEG foundation models are increasingly proposed as general-purpose encoders for brain-computer interfaces, yet recent benchmarks disagree about when their representations transfer to downstream tasks. We audit LaBraM and CBraMod on motor imagery under a validation-locked protocol in which preprocessing, architecture, optimization, freeze depth, checkpoint, temperature, and method selection are determined using training-session data only. On four-class BCI Competition IV-2a, every supervised comparator evaluated here outperforms every foundation-model configuration, including validat

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