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Contrast-Free Autonomous Navigation of Untethered Endovascular Microrobots Using Single-Plane Fluoroscopy

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

Reliable three-dimensional (3D) navigation of magnetically actuated untethered microrobots remains a major barrier to clinical translation. X-ray fluoroscopy is the standard real-time imaging modality for endovascular procedures, but single-plane fluoroscopy provides only a two-dimensional (2D) projection, eliminating depth information and complicating autonomous navigation. Recovering this information through biplane imaging or repeated contrast-enhanced angiography increases procedural complexity, radiation exposure, or contrast burden. Here, we introduce VISTA (Virtual Integration for Spati

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-21T07:22:03.933Z. This is not the publication date.