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Hierarchical Prototype-Memory Adaptation of SAM for Surgical Instrument Segmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 25, 2026 · UTC

Surgical instrument segmentation (SIS) is fundamental for computer-assisted surgery, where reliable instrument masks enable precise scene understanding and clinical assistance. Recently, adapting foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to the surgical domain via prompt-learning has shown encouraging results. However, the performance of these adapted models under challenging surgical conditions is constrained by suboptimal adaptation mechanisms. Specifically, optimizing prompts or prototypes purely via downstream segmentation loss tends to cause them to degenerate into task-spec

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