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LLMODE: Aligning ODEs with LLMs via Gated Token Injection for Irregular Spatio-Temporal Forecasting

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 30, 2026 · UTC

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for spatio-temporal forecasting, but existing approaches often rely on regularly sampled token sequences and struggle with irregular observations because of temporal asynchrony, representation-space misalignment, and limited context windows. We propose LLMODE, a token-efficient framework for irregular spatio-temporal forecasting with a frozen LLM backbone. LLMODE first uses a graph-aware ODE encoder to reconstruct irregular graph observations as a continuous-time latent trajectory. A Fixed-Budget Perceiver Resampler then compresses this variable-

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