SOURCE-LINKED INTELLIGENCE

Layer Selection in VLMs for Zero-Shot OOD Detection via Multi-Resolution Entropy Estimation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 8, 2026 · UTC

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for safe deployment of medical AI systems, where domain shifts arise across institutions, acquisition protocols, and patient populations. VLMs enable zero-shot OOD detection by embedding images into a language-aligned latent space, where cross-modal similarity serves as a non-parametric confidence signal for identifying in-distribution samples. Yet existing methods rely almost exclusively on final-layer embeddings, implicitly assuming that the deepest representations are universally optimal. We first show that this assumption does not hold in medi

Read original source ↗ Open in workspace

recordType

paper

region

Global