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How Children Design and Reason about Trustworthy AI Chatbots

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 21, 2026 · UTC

Children increasingly interact with AI chatbots, making trust calibration essential to AI literacy. Prior research has examined children's trust in AI mainly as users evaluating systems built by others, rather than as designers of their own chatbots. We developed a chatbot-building environment with adjustable trust-relevant traits (e.g., confidence, transparency, formality, assertiveness), rules, and persona. We conducted mixed-methods study with 115 learners (ages 8-18) who made 119 chatbots. We examined how children configured their chatbots, reasoned about trustworthiness, and how closely c

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-23T06:11:12.848Z. This is not the publication date.