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A Glance Is All You Need: Single-Pass Fine-Grained Image Captioning with SimLoss

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

An image may be worth a thousand words, but most captioning models describe it in only a few. Modern vision-language models produce fluent high-level captions, yet routinely miss the attributes, counts, textures, materials, and spatial relations that make an image visually specific. Recent multi-stage systems recover some of these details through generation, decomposition, verification, and rewriting, but they do so at the expense of substantially higher inference latency. We propose SimLoss, a reference-free embedding-space objective for single-pass fine-grained image captioning. SimLoss trai

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