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From Metaheuristics to Exact Methods: A CP-SAT Approach for Multi-Objective Healthcare Workforce Scheduling

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

Healthcare workforce scheduling is an NP-hard optimization problem requiring simultaneous satisfaction of labor regulations, coverage requirements, employee preferences and cost objectives. Existing approaches (genetic algorithms, integer programming, constraint programming) model 6-12 constraints at shift-level granularity and cannot guarantee regulatory compliance. They also lack support for multi-role, multi-skill heterogeneity, mandatory break scheduling with midpoint control, acuity-weighted workload equity, sub-shift granularity, inter-week stability, and cross-midnight shifts. This pape

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