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SIRA: Reasoning-Aware Surgical Instrument Segmentation via Query-Anchored Alignment

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 18, 2026 · UTC

Surgical instrument segmentation (SIS) plays a critical role in robotic assistance and surgical workflow analysis. However, most existing SIS methods formulate segmentation as a category-driven localization problem, limiting their ability to capture procedural context and task-dependent semantics in surgical workflows. We introduce Reasoning-Aware Surgical Instrument Segmentation (RA-SIS), a task formulation that frames segmentation as query-conditioned inference under surgical context. To benchmark this setting, we construct SurgRS, a surgical reasoning segmentation dataset consisting of 41,0

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