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Confidence-Aware Teacher-Student Distillation for 3D Medical Segmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 20, 2026 · UTC

Medical image segmentation models typically rely on large amounts of densely annotated volumetric data, limiting their scalability across tasks and imaging modalities. This work addresses the challenge of predicting entire 3D anatomical structures from extreme annotation sparsity. An annotation-efficient student-teacher framework is proposed for automatic 3D medical segmentation that requires only a set of point prompts on a single 2D slice per volume, as input. A foundation model serves as an offline teacher, utilizing the provided point prompts from the selected slice to full-volume pseudo-a

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