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BrainIAC: Interactive 3D Brain Lesion Segmentation across Heterogeneous MRI Modalities with Online Adaptation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 19, 2026 · UTC

Brain lesion segmentation is a fundamental task in medical image analysis, playing a critical role in diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal disease monitoring. Yet existing models still struggle to meet the demands of real clinical use, where deployments contain data distribution shifts, arising from differences in scanner hardware, imaging protocol (varying MRI modality sets), and new pathologies. We present BrainIAC (Brain lesion Interactive Adaptive Continuously learning segmentation), a unified framework that integrates (i) a multi-modal backbone network trained to segment multip

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