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PAGS: Autofocusing Photoacoustic Tomography via Speed-of-Sound-Adaptive Gaussian Splatting

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 26, 2026 · UTC

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) combines optical absorption contrast with acoustic detection for high-resolution deep-tissue imaging. A persistent challenge is that unknown speed-of-sound (SoS) heterogeneity changes acoustic time-of-flight, causing defocusing artifacts when reconstruction assumes a uniform SoS. Existing SoS-adaptive methods either rely on calibrated acoustic priors or optimize dense physical medium models, which becomes expensive and difficult to scale in 3D. We propose PAGS, a differentiable framework for blind autofocusing PACT via speed-of-sound-adaptive Gaussian s

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