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MedRSI: Recursive Self-Improvement for Medical Agents via Clinically Aligned Self-Evolution

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 21, 2026 · UTC

Medical agents increasingly combine general reasoning models with specialized clinical tools, yet their capabilities remain largely fixed by what clinicians and engineers design before deployment. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a different paradigm in which agents learn from their own failures and autonomously expand their capabilities, but directly applying RSI to medicine introduces fundamental safety challenges. We introduce MedRSI, the first recursive self-improvement framework for medicine, which continuously transforms diagnostic failures into new clinical capabilities through t

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