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Latent Commonality Expectation-Maximisation for Box-supervised Tree Crown Instance Segmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 22, 2026 · UTC

Individual tree crown segmentation from aerial imagery underpins tree-level carbon accounting, biodiversity, and restoration monitoring at landscape scale. However, existing models are predominantly trained on dense canopy forest imagery and degrade in savannah and drylands, where tree crowns are sparse, of variable appearance, and underrepresented in annotated benchmarks. These models also typically depend on costly polygon annotations. We introduce LACE (LAtent Commonality Expectation-maximisation), a box-supervised instance segmentation model, evaluated on 0.1 m/px aerial RGB tree crown ima

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