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CAST: Critique-Aware Supervision for Training Reliable Long-Horizon Tool-Calling Agents

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in long-horizon, interactive, and stateful environments. In these settings, a single wrong action, such as refunding the wrong purchase, can cause irreversible task failure and must be intercepted before execution. Such failures may not appear in every single run, but can emerge across repeated trials, making reliability across steps and trials critical. However, ensuring agentic reliability is challenging: even frontier LLMs struggle to explain why an action may be wrong, especially in long, intertwined trajectories governed by domai

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