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STSG-VQA: Evidence-Grounded Temporal Question Answering from Surgical Spatio-Temporal Scene Graphs

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 8, 2026 · UTC

Despite recent advances in surgical vision-language models (VLMs), temporal reasoning remains limited because existing supervision is largely frame-centric. Frame-level scene graphs (SGs) have proven effective in providing structured representations of surgical environments but do not explicitly model the dynamics of surgical workflows. To explicitly model how surgical states evolve across time, we introduce a multi-level structured temporal supervision methodology that augments frame-level surgical SGs with object-level continuity, event-level interaction continuity, and procedure-level conne

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