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CASCADE Against Jailbreaks: Combination Across Stages with Controlled Attack-Defense Evaluation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 18, 2026 · UTC

Defenses against jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) operate at different pipeline stages, such as input modification or output guard, but it remains unclear which defenses to deploy at each stage and how to combine them. Prior empirical studies, fragmented by inconsistent attack-success-rate definitions and experimental settings, have evaluated defenses largely in isolation. Here we present the first systematic study, to our knowledge, of defense combinations both within and across pipeline stages, under a consistent threat model of direct, black-box, single-turn attacks. Our de

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