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Sub-6 GHz Over-the-Air AMC via Curriculum Fine-Tuned CNN-Transformers

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 7, 2026 · UTC

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are frequently trained and validated on synthetic or channel-cabled data, leaving open the question of how they behave once path loss and antenna pointing error are introduced by a genuine free-space link. We report a curriculum fine-tuning study of a hybrid CNN-Transformer AMC model. The general-purpose, all-32-class dataset underlying the model was built entirely at 915 MHz, on a controlled, clock/PPS-synchronized MIMO-expansion-cable link (not spatial-multiplexing transmission); all subsequent free-space, real-hardware experimentation - the s

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