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Ruby-ASR: Evidence-Preserving Supervision for Joint Orthographic and Lexical-Reading Recognition

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 23, 2026 · UTC

Conventional Japanese automatic speech recognition (ASR) is supervised by an orthographic transcript, although the same written form can correspond to different lexical readings realized in speech. Such utterances receive an identical target, so their reading distinction is absent from the supervision interface and cannot be recovered reliably by post-hoc text-only grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. We present Ruby-ASR, which refines the conventional target into a span-bound orthographic--lexical-reading sequence. Unlike separate full-sentence orthographic and phonological outputs, the ruby repre

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