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Error Detection for PET/CT Radiology Reports: Domain-Specific vs Large Language Models

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 30, 2026 · UTC

Errors in radiology reports can adversely affect patient treatment, yet automated report quality assurance remains challenging because errors are often subtle and require domain expertise to detect. Although large language models (LLMs) have recently been proposed for radiology report verification, their ability to detect clinically meaningful errors beyond chest X-ray datasets remains under-explored. To this end, we present the first systematic evaluation of language models for PET/CT report error detection, comparing compact domain-specific models with SOTA open-weight LLMs. We collected 30,

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