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Privacy Leakage in Federated Learning: Gradient-Based Client Identity Inference and Defenses for Inertial Sensing in Vehicular Edge Networks

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 2, 2026 · UTC

As vehicular networks move toward 5G/6G edge intelligence, federated learning (FL) is widely promoted as a privacy-preserving way for vehicles and infrastructure to train shared models without exposing raw sensor data. Yet the updates clients transmit still leak enough information to identify who sent them, which threatens the anonymity that safety-critical V2X applications assume and adds to existing concerns over adversarial ML, model poisoning, and backdoor attacks. We study server-side client identity inference from transmitted weight deltas using inertial (IMU) measurements, evaluated on

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