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Text-Guided Diffusion-Based Adversarial Attacks on Chest X-Ray Images

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 29, 2026 · UTC

As artificial intelligence is increasingly integrated into chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation, triage, and clinical decision support, understanding its vulnerability to adversarial manipulation is critical for safe deployment. Existing robustness evaluations, however, predominantly rely on pixel-space attacks that introduce numerically constrained perturbations but may not represent plausible radiographic variation. This limitation is particularly important in multi-disease CXR classification, where models simultaneously evaluate multiple overlapping pathologies and adversarial failures may alte

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