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Generating Medical Image Counterfactuals using Causal Explanations

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 2, 2026 · UTC

Deep learning models have achieved impressive performance in medical image diagnosis, yet their deployment in clinical settings remains constrained by limited explainability. Counterfactual images provide one means of auditing model behavior by showing how an image would need to change for a classifier to produce a different prediction. Existing approaches typically generate such explanations using auxiliary models, including generative adversarial networks and diffusion models. While often capable of producing visually realistic images, these methods explain one black-box model using another,

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