SOURCE-LINKED INTELLIGENCE
CALM: Configuration-Aware Human Intervention Boundaries During Robot Approach
How robot body configuration shapes human intervention during approach remains underexplored. We conducted a within-participants study with 41 participants, measuring final stopping distance, subjective comfort, and exploratory eye-tracking responses across four humanoid arm configurations and two spatial scales. Full forward arm extension increased stopping distance by approximately 31-36 cm relative to arms-down. Spatial scale primarily affected comfort and pupil responses without a detectable stopping-distance shift. We introduce the Configuration-Aware Limit Model (CALM), which translates
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Evidence & attribution
- arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · 2026-09-07T12:34:37.000Z
First collected: 2026-09-20T20:32:20.942Z. This is not the publication date.