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Learning Dynamics of Logits Debiasing for Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

Long-tailed distributions are prevalent in real-world semi-supervised learning (SSL), where pseudo-labels tend to favor majority classes, leading to degraded generalization. While many long-tailed semi-supervised learning (LTSSL) methods have been proposed, the mechanisms by which they implicitly debias logits remain poorly understood. In this work, we revisit LTSSL through the lens of learning dynamics and provide a theoretical characterization of logits debiasing. Specifically, we derive a step-wise decomposition of the logits updates, showing that predictions are dominated by class-imbalanc

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