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A Survey on Self-Improving Test-Time Intelligence: Feedback-Driven Adapting, Learning, and Scaling at Inference

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

The ability of AI systems to improve their behavior during deployment is becoming increasingly important. As inference moves beyond the static execution of a fixed trained model, a growing body of work studies how models can refine their behavior on the fly by exploiting test-time information and additional computation. These developments have largely evolved along two directions: methods that modify the model's state using test-time signals, and methods that improve predictions through extra inference-time resources such as more sampling and tool use. However, these directions are often studi

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First collected: 2026-09-21T06:11:57.537Z. This is not the publication date.