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K-TRAIL: Simulator-Guided Generative Design of EM/RF Circuits

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 19, 2026 · UTC

Inverse design of RF and electromagnetic (EM) circuits is challenging because the relationship between circuit layout and electrical response is non-unique, and full-wave simulation is computationally expensive. This paper presents K-TRAIL, a simulator-guided generative framework for automated EM/RF circuit synthesis. K-TRAIL combines diffusion-based layout generation with derivative-free ensemble Kalman guidance, allowing feedback from a black-box EM simulator to refine candidate layouts during generation without requiring adjoint sensitivities or differentiable solver models. The framework s

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