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Structured-Prior-Guided Diffusion Inpainting with Physical Consistency for Traffic Sign Augmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 2, 2026 · UTC

Traffic sign detection faces a long-tailed data distribution. Many rare signs matter as much as common ones from a regulatory standpoint, yet they have very few samples. Generative data augmentation is one way out. General-purpose inpainting models, however, distort digits, deform geometry and perspective, and shift colours when applied directly to sign regions. We trace this to a single gap: the conditioning signal is too abstract for the physical composition of a sign. We propose a structured-prior-guided diffusion inpainting framework with physical consistency. It injects the semantic, appe

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